Agnes Cameron is a graduate student at MIT’s Media Lab, working as a research assistant in the Viral Communications Group. Her research interests lie in the creation of local and heterogeneous forms of network, the decentralized Internet, and networked community organizing and infrastructure. She holds a MEng in Information and Computer Engineering from the University of Cambridge, where she did work on slime molds, robotics, and self-organizing systems. The paper presented is co-authored by Kalli Retzepi, Sam Ghantous, and Gary Zhexi Zhang.
Internet as City, Network as Craft: Questions of Utopia in the Age of Decentralization
The initial vision of the Internet captured a utopian imagination: a playground, a free society, a cybernetic ideal democratically built and universally accessible. In 2019, the promise of this utopia has all but evaporated, dominated by a handful of digital corporations whose platforms blur the line between commercial services and social design. Today’s platform capitalism appropriates the language of sharing and cooperation to decentralize proprietary services, distributing labor while centralizing control. What next? Decentralization has become widely accepted as a vision of the Internet’s more hopeful future, a return to our original intentions, a chance to harness contemporary technologies to undo our societal missteps. Aptly, perhaps, the decentralization movement is united around countless competing motivations. It is often noted that the people in charge of designing this “brave new Internet” look almost identical to those who designed the old one: white, male, and religiously convinced of the importance of their project. The cryptocurrency white paper has become the new manifesto. There is a tendency to assume that politics can be made executable, a governmental Triadic Ballet where a system’s mathematical rationality assures harmonious society. As the technological imaginary moves from distributed networks of communication toward decentralized bodies, cities, and societies, what does it mean to design for the parts over the whole, to govern from the individual over the collective, to prioritize building the platform over society? By foregrounding ideas of locality—heterotopia, situation, memory, labor—I propose to address the future Internet as a city: inhomogeneous, chimeric, and subject to polymorphous forms of influence, governance, and control. The future Internet must emanate from many points. Much as one should be suspicious of “urban solutions,” so the blithely utilitarian focus of decentralizing technologies should also be interrogated. The future Internet is not a solution but a protean landscape, a feedback loop between the systems we inhabit, the systems we build, and the systems we think ourselves to be.