Lutz Raphael studied history, romance studies, sociology and philosophy at the Universities of Münster and Paris VIII, earned his doctorate in 1984, and qualified as a professor in 1994. Since 1996, he has been teaching as professor of modern and contemporary history at the University of Trier; he was visiting professor at the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales in Paris, at HU Berlin’s IGK Work and Human Lifecycle in Global History, and at St Antony’s College, Oxford, and was Gerda Henkel Visiting Professor at the London School of Economics and German Historicxal Institute London. Raphael is a member of the Working Group for Contemporary Social History of the Academy of Science and Literature Mainz and of the Historical Commission at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. From 2007 to 2013, he was a member of the Scientific Commission of the Science Council; in 2013, he was awarded the research prize for German scientists within the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Program of the DFG; in 2018, he held the Adorno lectures at the Institute for Social Research of the University of Frankfurt. Publications: Ordnungsmuster und Deutungskämpfe: Wissenspraktiken im Europa des 20. Jahrhunderts (2018), Imperiale Gewalt und mobilisierte Nation: Europa 1914–1945 (2011).
Rationalization Plans and Ideological Conflict in Europe during the World Wars
Even before World War I, the economic and social dynamics of urbanization and industrialization had turned Europe into a hothouse in which new systems were propagated for the modern age. World War I served to intensify Lebensreform (life reform), social utopias that were based on science or put their trust in it, and technocratic rationalization programs—these tendencies increasingly became politically and ideologically charged. Lifestyle thus became an arena in which the struggles over ideology and fantasies of technocratic rationalization played out in a Europe beset by world wars and revolutions. Social engineers and the (radical) intellectual architects of new regimes were in great demand and had a voice in the economy and in politics. This talk attempts to place the Bauhaus in this broader context, which saw experts mobilized in the cause of designing a modern society and lifestyle.